Effective Advocacy is About Believing in Yourself

​

Advocacy for people with disabilities can take many forms, each focused on different aspects of life where individuals may face barriers. Here are the main types you're asking about—school, political, and services—along with a few others that are often included in disability advocacy:

​

1. School-Based Advocacy (Educational Advocacy)

This focuses on ensuring students with disabilities receive a fair and appropriate education.

Key aspects:

• Ensuring access to Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 Plans

• Advocating for inclusive classrooms or proper placement

• Making sure accommodations and modifications are provided

• Addressing issues like bullying, discipline, or transition planning

Who does it: Parents, advocates, lawyers, or the students themselves

 

2. Political Advocacy

This involves pushing for laws, policies, and systems that protect and advance the rights of people with disabilities.

Key aspects:

• Lobbying for laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or IDEA

• Campaigning for accessible public spaces, voting rights, or transportation

• Engaging with lawmakers or public officials

• Raising awareness through protests, petitions, or public speaking

Who does it: Individuals with disabilities, advocacy groups, allies, disability rights organizations

 

3. Service Advocacy

This focuses on helping individuals access the services and supports they are entitled to.

Key aspects:

• Navigating Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Medicaid

• Accessing housing assistance, job training, or healthcare services

• Overcoming barriers in service delivery systems (e.g., long waitlists, eligibility issues)

• Connecting people with disability service agencies or providers

Who does it: Case managers, social workers, family members, or disability advocates

Other Important Types of Advocacy

 

4. Self-Advocacy

When individuals with disabilities speak up for themselves, make their own choices, and know their rights.

 

5. Legal Advocacy

Involves lawyers or legal professionals helping enforce disability rights or challenge discrimination through legal systems.

 

6. Peer Advocacy

Support given by someone who also has a disability and understands similar experiences.